Made in 1986 or early 1987 from the date codes. Does not use the battery for regulation, just as a seamless backup supply then. The 741 looks like it is doing voltage regulation to turn the constant current charger off when the battery is charged, so it will be fine without it.
Motorola and RCA, both of who are no longer the same company and both no longer make these chips.
You might want to change that 1000uF 35V axial electrolytic, and in this case you would not have any issues using a regular 1000uF 50V radial one, you can even use an 85C part. If you have the board out to do that I would recommend sticking some 100n ceramic capacitors across the input and output of the 18V regulator on the bottom of the board. Regular disc ceramic or wire ended ceramic ones will do so long as they are rated for 50V. No harm in adding them as it is recommended in the datasheet, though this one has run fine without for decades.